Primero yo: Triage sin demoras, ni complicaciones y humanizado / Me first: Triage without delays, complications and humanized

Objetivo principal: Comprender el significado que los pacientes que consultan al servicio de urgencias le dan al proceso de triage. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo con enfoque etnográfico, la información se recolectó por medio de 14 entrevistas semiestructuradas y se llevó diario de campo, para el análisis se sacaron unidades de significado que se agruparon en categorías. Resultados principales: Los participantes acuden al servicio de urgencias después de intentar manejar sus situaciones por medio de recursos que tienen en su entorno, al no encontrar soluciones se desplazan al servicio de urgencias, donde quieren ser atendidos inmediatamente, sin embargo, encuentran barreras que los presiona a usar estrategias para lograr la solución de sus necesidades en la atención de urgencias, en todo este proceso los pacientes esperan ser “primero yo” en la atención. Conclusión principal: el significado que los pacientes le dan al triage es que ellos sean el eje de la atención y por lo tanto tienen la expectativa que sea sin demora, sin complicaciones y que sea humanizado.(AU)

Objective: To understand the meaning that patients who consult the emergency department give to the triage process. Methods: qualitative study with an ethnographic approach, the information was collected through semi-structured interviews and a field diary was kept. Results: the participants go to the emergency department after trying to manage their situations through the resources that they have in their environment, not finding solutions, they go to the emergency department, where they want to be attended immediately, however, they find barriers that pressure them to Using strategies to achieve the solution of their needs in emergency care, throughout this process patients expect to be "first me" in care. Conclusions: the meaning that the patients give to triage is that they are the axis of care and therefore, they expect it to be without delay, without complications and that it be humanized.(AU)

Volver a la presencialidad sin ser el mismo: los docentes después de la pandemia / Returning to presentiality without being the same: teachers after the pandemic

Objetivo: Comprender los significados que los docentes le dan a su práctica profesional en el regreso al trabajo presencial después del confinamiento por Covid-19. Metodología: Investigación cualitativa con enfoque etnográfico exploratorio durante febrero y agosto de 2022. La información se recolectó por entrevistas semiestructuradas y se realizó diario de campo. Resultados: Volver a la normalidad luego de pandemia es un reto pedagógico para los docentes; el regreso a las aulas les ha generado sentimientos contradictorios: por un lado, felicidad al recuperar lo que se tenía y hacían anterior a la pandemia, pero angustia y disconfort por perder lo logrado en la virtualidad. Conclusión: La presencialidad genera ventajas y desventajas para los docentes y los reta a procesos de adaptación y resistencia. Es indispensable conservar los logros de la virtualidad y, para ello, las instituciones de educación deben ofrecer las mejores condiciones laborales que favorezcan el bienestar docente y la buena formación de los futuros profesionales.(AU)

Objective: Understand the meanings that teachers give to their professional practice in the return to face-to-face work after the confinement by Covid-19. Methods: Qualitative research with an exploratory ethnographic approach during February and August 2022. The information was collected through semi-structured interviews and a field diary was carried out. Results: Returning to normality after the pandemic is a pedagogical challenge for teachers; the return to the classroom has generated contradictory feelings: on the one hand, happiness at recovering what they had and did before the pandemic, but anguish and discomfort at losing what they had achieved online. Conclusion: To be in person generates advantages and disadvantages for teachers and challenges them to processes of adaptation and resistance. It is essential to preserve the achievements of virtuality and, for this, educational institutions must offer the best working conditions that favor teacher well-being and the good training of future professionals.(AU)

Triage hospitalario para las enfermeras: Entre la incertidumbre, la sobrecarga y los desacuerdos / Hospital triage for nurses: Between uncertainty, overload, and disagreements

Resumen Estudio cualitativo, las participantes fueron enfermeras que realizaban triage hospitalario en la ciudad de Medellín Colombia. Objetivo Describir las dificultades que las enfermeras tienen al realizar el triage y cómo las afrontan. Metodología Estudio etnográfico en el que se realizaron siete entrevistas con las cuales se logró la saturación de las categorías y llevó diario de campo; la ética fue parte integral del proceso. Resultados Las dificultades en el triage son la incertidumbre, la sobrecarga y los desacuerdos con las escalas, los médicos, los pacientes y los familiares y están mediadas por la interacción con el paciente, la familia y la institución; las enfermeras para afrontar las dificultades se "resetean", liberan cargas, toman las decisiones que consideran adecuadas, hablan con sus colegas y oran. Conclusiones Las enfermeras reciben presiones que las hace sentirse vulnerables ante la sobrecarga, los problemas de interacción y la incertidumbre llevándola a que tenga que realizar diferentes sistemas de afrontamiento.

Summary Qualitative study, the participants were nurses who performed hospital triage in the city of Medellín Colombia. Objective To describe the difficulties facing by nurses when performing triage and how they deal with them. Methodology An Ethnographic design was conducted, data saturation was achieved after seven interviews, field notes were taken; ethics was part of the research process. Results The difficulties in triage are uncertainty, overload and disagreements with scales, doctors, patients and relatives and are mediated by interaction with the patient, family and institution; nurses to cope with difficulties need to "reset" themselves, release burdens, make the decisions they deem appropriate, talk to their colleagues and pray. Conclusions Nurses receive pressures that make them feel vulnerable to overload, interaction problems and uncertainty leading them to have to perform different coping systems.

Ser especial: requisito del paciente para sentirse tranquilo, protegido y cuidado por la enfermera / Be kind: patient requirement to feel calm, protected and cared by nurse

Los pacientes valoran la cercanía de la enfermera, pero no siempre la encuentran. Este trabajo se realizó con pacientes que estuvieron hospitalizados en la ciudad de Medellín. Objetivo: comprender el significado que el paciente le da a la interacción con el personal de enfermería en el proceso de hospitalización. Método: estudio cualitativo con enfoque etnográfico. La investigación se realizó con doce personas que estuvieron hospitalizadas. La información se recolectó por entrevistas y se llevó diario de campo. El estudio se fundamentó en el respeto, la confidencialidad y no implicó riesgos. Resultados: El paciente necesita estar tranquilo, protegido y cuidado, para lograrlo debe ser pasivo y obediente e interactuar con una enfermera que lo considere especial. La enfermera debe ser educada, y espera que la auxiliar le alegre el día. Conclusiones: El paciente se siente especial si la enfermera lo protege y lo trata como ser humano, da más valor a las acciones de cuidado menos tangibles. (AU)

Patients value the closeness of the nurse, but do not always find this type of nursing staff. This work was carried out with hospitalized patients in the city of Medellín. Objective: to understand the meaning that the patient gives to the interaction with the nursing staff in the hospitalization process. Methodology: qualitative study with an ethnographic focus. The interviews and the field diary were carried out to collect the information, this was done with 10 people who were hospitalized. The study was based on respect, confidentiality and did not involve risks. Results: for the patient to be calm, protected and cared for, he must be passive, obedient and interact with a nurse who considers him special. Additionally, the nurse must be educated and expect the nursing assistant to make her day more joyous. Conclusions: the patient feels special if the nurse protects him and treats him as a human being, giving more value to less tangible care actions. (AU)

Cuidar al paciente con COVID-19: entre la incertidumbre y el deseo de salir adelante / Caring for the patient with COVID-19: between uncertainty and the desire to get ahead

Introducción: la realidad a la cual la humanidad ha tenido que enfrentarse producto de la pandemia por COVID-19 ha implicado para el personal de la salud, y el de enfermería de manera específica, un gran reto para brindar cuidado a los pacientes, mientras se cuida a sí mismo de un contagio. Objetivo: comprender el significado que tiene para los integrantes de los equipos de enfermería el cuidado de los pacientes infectados por el COVID-19. Método: trabajo cualitativo en el que participaron profesionales y auxiliares de enfermería del Departamento de Antioquia, Colombia; la recolección de datos se realizó mediante entrevistas virtuales y el análisis fue inductivo. Resultados: el equipo de enfermería cuida a los pacientes infectados por el COVID-19 con gran incertidumbre y sin apoyo. Esto los lleva a experimentar sentimientos de miedo, rabia y desconcierto. Su forma de afrontar esta situación es tener una actitud positiva con esperanza, aislarse de los medios de comunicación o pensar en dejar su trabajo. Por ello, sugieren la necesidad de capacitación a ellos y a la comunidad. Por otro lado, piden mejores condiciones laborales y ser escuchados. Conclusiones: el personal de enfermería lleva a cabo el cuidado de los pacientes en medio de incertidumbre y afectación en su salud mental.

Introduction: The reality that humanity has had to face due to the COVID-19 pandemic has implied a great challenge for health personnel, specifically for nurses, to provide care to patients while protecting themselves from getting infected. Objective: Understand what it means for nursing team members to care for patients infected with COVID-19. Methods: Qualitative work in which nurses and nursing assistants from the department of Antioquia, Colombia, participated; data were collected through online interviews, and the analysis was inductive. Results: Nursing teams care for patients with COVID-19 feeling great uncertainty and without support. This leads them to experience feelings of fear, anger, and bewilderment. Their way of dealing with this situation is to have a positive attitude with hope, isolate themselves from media, or think about quitting their jobs. Therefore, they suggest the need for training, both for themselves and the community. They also ask for better working conditions and to be heard. Conclusions: The nurses care for the patients amid uncertainty and mental health conditions.

Introdução: a realidade que a humanidade tem enfrentado em decorrência da pandemia por COVID-19 tem implicado para os profissionais de saúde, e especificamente para os enfermeiros, um grande desafio no cuidado aos pacientes, en quanto cuidam-se a se mesmos do contágio. Objetivo: compreender o significado que tem para os membros da equipe de enfermagem o cuidado aos pacientes infectados pelo COVID-19. Método: trabalho qualitativo, no qual participaram profissionais e auxiliares de enfermagem do Departamento de Antioquia, Colômbia. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas virtuais e a análise foi indutiva. Resultados: a equipe de enfermagem cuida de pacientes infectados pelo COVID-19 com grande incerteza e sem suporte. Isso os leva a experimentar sentimentos de medo, raiva e perplexidade. A sua forma de lidar com esta situação é ter uma atitude positiva com esperança, isolar-se dos meios de comunicação ou pensar em deixar o emprego. Portanto, sugerem a necessidade de capacitação para eles e para a comunidade. De outro lado, reclamam melhores condições de trabalho e ser escutados. Conclusões: a equipe de enfermagem oferece cuidado aos pacientes em meio de incertezas e afetações em sua saúde mental.

Darles rienda suelta a los instintos: la sexualidad para adolescentes hombres con experiencia de vida en calle, Medellín / Giving instincts free rein: sexuality for male adolescents with experience of life on the street, Medellin / Dar rédea larga" aos instintos: A sexualidade para os adolescentes homens moradores de rua, Medellin

Resumen Objetivo: Comprender los significados que los adolescentes le dan a la sexualidad. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo con enfoque etnográfico. La investigación se hizo con 17 adolescentes hombres, con un rango de edad entre los 12 y los 18 años, que tienen experiencia de vida en calle, en Medellín, Colombia. La información se recolectó por entrevistas y diario de campo. En el análisis se codificó y categorizó la información. Resultados: La sexualidad para los adolescentes con experiencia de vida en calle significa tener relaciones sexuales; estas se realizan por arrechera cuando, según ellos se les suben las hormonas, o por sobrevivencia, para suplir las necesidades de la vida cotidiana. Conclusiones: Para los adolescentes de la calle, el intercambio sexual con personas del mismo o de otro sexo significan sexualidad; las relaciones sexuales es algo cotidiano en ellos, están mediadas por el gusto, la necesidad fisiológica, el amor, el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas o por sobrevivencia.

Abstract Objective: To understand the meanings that adolescents give to sexuality. Methodology: A qualitative study with an ethnographic approach. The study was conducted with 17 adolescent males, with an age range between 12 and 18 years, who have experience of life on the street, in Medellin, Colombia. The information was collected through interviews and field diaries. In the analysis, information was codified and categorized. Results: Sexuality for adolescents with experience of life on the street means having sexual relations; these take place due to arousal when, according to them, their hormones increase, or for survival, to meet the needs of everyday life. Conclusions: For street adolescents, sexual exchange with people of the same or opposite sex means sexuality; sexual relations are commonplace for them, they are mediated by taste, physiological need, love, consumption of psychoactive substances or for survival.

Resumo Objetivo: Compreender os significados que os adolescentes dão à sexualidade. Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo com foco etnográfico. A pesquisa foi feita com 17 adolescentes do sexo masculino na faixa etária de 12 a 18 anos, moradores de ruas em Medellin, Colômbia. A informação foi coletada através de entrevistas e pesquisa de campo. Na análise codificouse e caracterizou-se a informação obtida. Resultados: A sexualidade para os adolescentes moradores de rua significa ter relações sexuais que são realizadas por desejo quando segundo eles, se aceleram os hormônios, ou por sobrevivência para suprir as necessidades da vida cotidiana. Conclusões: Para os adolescentes da rua, o intercâmbio sexual com pessoas do mesmo sexo ou do sexo oposto significa sexualidade; as relações sexuais são algo normal para eles, estão medidas pelo prazer, pela necessidade fisiológica, pelo amor e pelo consumo de substâncias psicoativas ou por questões de sobrevivência.

La familia es la voz del paciente en la interacción con la enfermera / A família como a voz do paciente na interação enfermeira-paciente / Family as the Patient's Voice in Nurse-Patient Interaction

Introducción: La familia experimenta un reto importante cuando uno de sus miembros está hospitalizado, pues los obliga a modificar sus dinámicas en términos de funciones y roles. Esta investigación cualitativa se realizó con familiares que acompañaron a uno de sus integrantes durante una experiencia de hospitalización; se consideró familia a quienes compartieran una historia en común con el paciente. Objetivo: Comprender el significado que le da la familia al papel que desempeña con el paciente en la interacción con las enfermeras durante el tiempo de hospitalización. Materiales y Métodos: Se utilizó el enfoque etnográfico. Se aplicaron 10 entrevistas a personas adultas. Se obtuvo información hasta lograr la saturación. Se tuvo en cuenta los criterios de rigor y los principios éticos. Resultados: La familia considera que tienen el derecho de ser la voz del paciente para interactuar con la enfermera, y la asume como una de sus funciones en su rol cuidador, para lograrlo es indispensable que ésta acuda al llamado, atienda, acompañe y brinde al paciente unos cuidados mínimos requeridos, relacionados primordialmente con la esfera física, de tal forma que en esa interacción demuestre su calidad humana, reconozca las necesidades del paciente y base su comunicación en la verdad y la cercanía. La familia espera una enfermera que los reconozca y los eduque, así mismo que les diga la verdad y se muestre cercana. Conclusiones: La familia se constituye en la voz del paciente como derecho connatural filial y en ese sentido, asume el cuidado del paciente con apoyo de las enfermeras, quienes tienen el deber de generar confianza y buen trato.

Introduction: Families experience a major challenge when a next of kin is admitted to hospital as family dynamics are forced to change in terms of duties and roles. Qualitative research has been conducted with family members who supported one of their next of kin during their hospitalization. Family members were defined as those who had shared a common history with patients. Objective: To understand the meaning given by families to the patient's voice role in the interaction with nurses during hospitalization. Materials and Methods: An ethnographic approach was used. Complete information was collected from 10 interviews with adults. Strict criteria and ethical principles were also applied. Results: Families consider that their right is to be the patient's voice to interact with nurses, assuming it as one of their caregiving functions. To this end, nurses must respond to the call, assist, accompany and provide patients with minimal care required, primarily related to physical care, so they can demonstrate their human qualities, recognize patients' needs and communicate on the basis of truth and closeness when interacting with patients. Families expect that nurses would recognize and instruct them, as well as tell the truth and be close to them. Conclusions: Families are the patient's voice as a matter of connatural right, assuming patients' care supported by nurses, who are in charge of building trust and providing good care.

Introdução: As famílias experimentam um grande desafio quando um parente próximo é hospitalizado, pois as dinâmicas familiares são forçadas a mudar em termos de deveres e papéis. Esta pesquisa qualitativa foi realizada com membros da família que acompanharam um de seus parentes durante a hospitalização. Os membros da família foram definidos como aqueles que tinham compartilhado uma história comum com os pacientes. Objetivo: Entender o significado dado pelas famílias ao papel da voz do paciente na interação com enfermeiros durante a hospitalização. Materiais e métodos: Uma abordagem etnográfica foi utilizada. Informações completas foram coletadas a partir de 10 entrevistas com adultos. Critérios rígidos e princípios éticos também foram aplicados. Resultados: As famílias consideram que tem o direito de ser a voz do paciente para interagir com enfermeiros, assumindo-a como uma de suas funções de cuidado. Para isso, os enfermeiros devem responder ao chamado, prestar assistência, acompanhar e prover aos pacientes os cuidados mínimos necessários, principalmente relacionados ao cuidado físico, para que possam demonstrar suas qualidades humanas, reconhecer as necessidades dos pacientes e se comunicar com base na verdade e na proximidade ao interagir com os pacientes. As famílias esperam que os enfermeiros os reconheçam e os instruam, assim como que digam a verdade e estejam próximos deles. Conclusões: As famílias são a voz do paciente como uma questão de direito conatural, assumindo os cuidados dos pacientes apoiados por enfermeiros, que são responsáveis por construir confiança e prestar bons cuidados.

Signicado de los componentes disciplinar y profesional en la formación de enfermería: encuentros y desencuentros / Meaning of discipline and vocational training components of nursing: matches and mismatches / Significado dos componentes disciplinar e professional na formação de enfermagem: acordos e desacordos

La formación enfermera es una práctica compleja y dinámica que amerita constantes revisiones teórico-metodológicas de aspectos como lo disciplinar y profesional por ser parte constitutiva de su naturaleza, cuya reflexión aporta al desarrollo de la profesión y la consolidación de la identidad profesional. Objetivo: Describir los significados que los docentes, estudiantes, egresados y grupo administrativo asignan a los componentes disciplinar y profesional en la formación enfermera del programa de Enfermería de la Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. Método: Investigación educativa evaluativa con enfoque etnográfico. Se realizaron entrevistas, revisión documental, observaciones y grupos de discusión. Resultados: En la formación enfermera, los significados asignados a los aspectos disciplinares y profesionales se construyen a partir de encuentros y desencuentros en relación con intenciones, concepciones y acciones de los participantes, que se concretan en prácticas educativas tradicionales en el marco de un plan de estudios morbicéntrico, con poca articulación de las teorías y del pensamiento enfermero, lo que no permite construir un concepto claro de cuidado ni la consolidación de una identidad profesional. Conclusión: Los significados asignados a los aspectos disciplinares y profesionales durante la formación enfermera son los que dan sentido a las concepciones y prácticas en enfermería. Su comprensión aporta a la reorientación de las acciones pedagógicas que permitan desarrollar un programa académico consecuente con su esencia y su objeto de desarrollo disciplinar y profesional.

Nursing training is a complex and dynamic practice that merits constant theoretical and methodological revisions of aspects such as the disciplinary and professional aspects as it is a constitutive part of its nature, whose reflection contributes to the development of the profession and the consolidation of professional identity. Objective: To describe the meanings that the professors, students, graduates and the administration assign to the disciplinary and professional components in the training of nurses in the Nursing program at Antioquia University, Medellin, Colombia. Method: Educational evaluative investigation with ethnographic focus. Interviews, document revisions, observations and discussion groups were completed. Results: In the training of nurses, the meanings assigned to the disciplinary and professional aspects are built on agreements and disagreements in relation to intentions, concepts and actions of the participants. All are aspects that materialize in traditional educational practices framed by a morbidity-centered lesson plan with few articulations of theories and the nursing mind, which does not allow for the building of a clear care concept or the consolidation of a professional identity. Conclusión: The meanings assigned to the disciplinary and professional aspects during training are what give meaningto the concepts and practices in nursing. Its understanding contributes to the re-orientation ofpedagogical actions that allow for the development of an academic program consistent with its developmental disciplinary and professional essence and objective.

A formado em enfermagem é urna prática dinámica e complexa que merece constantes comentários teóricos e metodológicos dos aspectos disciplinar e profissional sendo parte integrante da sua natureza cujo reflexo contribui para o desenvolvimento da profissáo e da consolidado da identidade profissional. Objetivo: Descrever os significados que professores, alunos, ex-alunos e grupo administrativo, atribuem aos componentes disciplinar e profissional na forma

Sexualidad es tener sexo: las adolescentes en situación de calle / Sexuality is having sex: teenagers living in the streets

La investigación fue realizada con adolescentes en situación de calle de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. Objetivo: comprender los significados que tienen las adolescentes en situación de calle de la ciudad de Medellín sobre la sexualidad. Metodología: estudio cualitativo-etnográfico. Se aplicaron las técnicas de trabajo de campo y entrevista. Para el análisis de la información se codificó y categorizó. Ética: se fundamentó en el respeto, la confidencialidad y no implicó riesgos para las participantes. Resultados: la sexualidad significa tener relaciones sexuales por dinero o deseo, para esto hay que verse como mujer y protegerse física y mentalmente, cuando la relación no es estable. Conclusiones: la sexualidad se reduce a la genitalidad y les permite a las adolescentes tener dinero, afecto, protección y compañía

The research was focused on homeless teenagers from the city of Medellín, Colombia. Objective: understand the meaning of sexuality in female homeless teenagers from the city of Medellín. Methodology: ethnographic approach to qualitative research. The technics used were: Interview and field diary. Information was encoded and categorized for analysis. Ethics: it is based on respect, confidentiality and implied no risk for its participants. Results: sexuality means to have sexual intercourse for money or desire, for this you have to recognize yourself as a woman and be protected physical and mentally, when the relationship is not stable. Conclusions: sexuality is reduced to genital motions and opens a windows for teenagers to gain access to money, affection, protection and company

El quehacer cotidiano de la enfermera significa soportar la carga / O trabalho cotidiano da enfermeira significa suportar a carga / The daily work of nurse means bear the burden

Introducción: Las enfermeras le dan significados a su quehacer cotidiano y la comprensión de estos favorece el diseño de propuestas orientadas a promover la calidad, humanización y gestión de los servicios. El objetivo fue comprender el significado que las enfermeras le dan a su quehacer cotidiano. Materiales y Métodos: Se utilizó la investigación cualitativa con enfoque etnográfico, se realizaron entrevistas grupales y se llevó diario de campo. Resultados: Las enfermeras deben apropiarse del servicio, lo que significa realizar cuidado integral y cargar el servicio. Esta carga del servicio es entendida como soportar la carga de la culpa, los problemas, las interacciones, los indicadores y protocolos sin suficiente tiempo. Discusión: El cuidado genera motivación la cual es una emoción capaz de provocar, mantener y dirigir la conducta hacia un objetivo, la carga laboral ha obligado a las enfermeras a dedicar menos tiempo al cuidado lo cual las lleva a sentimientos de culpa, agotamiento y estrés. Conclusiones: El quehacer de enfermería significa una carga cuando sienten que deben encargarse de tareas que no son de su competencia profesional o que son impuestas limitando su autonomía. Tener que soportarla lleva a las enfermeras a la desmotivación.

Introdução: As enfermeiras dão significados ao seu quefazer cotidiano e a compreensão destes favorece o desenho de propostas orientadas a promover a qualidade, humanização e gestão dos serviços. O objetivo foi compreender o significado que as enfermeiras lhe dão ao seu quefazer cotidiano. Materiais e Métodos: Se utilizou a investigação qualitativa com enfoque etnográfico, se realizaram entrevistas grupais e se fez diário de campo. Resultados: As enfermeiras devem apropriar-se do serviço, o que significa realizar cuidado integral e carregar o serviço. Esta carga do serviço é entendida como suportar a carga da culpa, os problemas, as interações, os indicadores e protocolos sem suficiente tempo. Discussão: O cuidado gera motivação a qual é uma emoção capaz de provocar, manter e dirigir a conduta a um objetivo, a carga laboral há obrigado às enfermeiras a dedicar menos tempo ao cuidado o qual as leva a sentimentos de culpa, esgotamento e estresse. Conclusões: A tarefa de enfermagem significa a carga quando eles sentem que eles devem cuidar de tarefas que não são de sua competência profissional, ou que são impostas, limitando a sua autonomia. Ter que suportar a carga leva às enfermeiras à desmotivação.

Introduction: Nurses give the meaning to their daily work and its comprehension permits the design of proposals oriented to promote quality, humanization and service management. The objective was to understand the meaning that nurses give to their daily work. Materials and Methods: Qualitative study with ethnographic approach; groups interviews were conducted and a field day book was done. Results: Nurses must take ownership of the nurse department, which means to achieve an integral care and hold up the department. The weight of the department is to understand as the ability to hold up guilt, problems, interactions, indicators and protocols without enough time. Discussion: Health care creates motivation, which is a feeling capable to provoke, maintain and manage the behavior to a common objective; the work weight has forced the nurses to spend less time to the health care, which lead them to feel guilty, exhaustion and stress. Conclusions: The task of nursing means a burden when they feel that they must take care of tasks are not of her professional competence or that are imposed by limiting their autonomy. Holding up work weight, lead nurses to the demotivation.

Compartir y desconfiar: mirada de los venteros acerca de los niños en situación de calle / Sharing and distrusting: street merchants' view of children in street situations

Objetivo Comprender los significados mediante la descripción de las experiencias que tienen para los venteros ambulantes, las interacciones con los niños en situación de calle del centro de Medellín, 2013. Metodología Investigación cualitativa con enfoque etnográfico. Se realizaron observaciones en la zona en diferentes momentos del día, se aplicaron doce entrevistas a los venteros ambulantes en su lugar de trabajo y se llevó registro en el diario de campo. Resultados Los venteros ambulantes y los niños en situación de calle comparten el mismo espacio, ambos buscan sobrevivir y su relación esta mediada por la confianza - desconfianza. La convivencia genera sentimientos ambivalentes. Para los venteros los niños en situación de calle son el resultado del abandono de la familia, el Estado y la sociedad y viven un mundo duro donde se exponen a una serie de riesgos que deben enfrentar. Conclusión La interacción entre los venteros ambulantes y los niños en situación de calle es adecuada en la medida que se evitan conflictos, estableciendo normas de convivencia. El elemento que determina esta interacción es la confianza - desconfianza. En la confianza se generan fuertes lazos afectivos, considerándose como una familia; la desconfianza genera prevención.(AU)

Objective To understand the meanings, through the description of experiences that street merchants have of their interactions with children in a street situation in downtown of Medellin in 2013. Methodology Qualitative investigation with ethnographic approach. Observations were made in the zone at different times of the day. Twelve interviews with street merchants were held in their work places. Records were kept in a field journal. Results The street merchants and children in street situations share the same space. Both groups try to survive and their relationship is mediated by the trust-distrust that is established between them. The coexistence generates ambivalent feelings. For the street merchants, children in street situations are the result of abandonment by the family, the state and society. They live in a hard world in which they are exposed to a series of risks that they must face. Conclusion The interaction between street merchants and children in street situations is good to the extent that conflicts are avoided, establishing norms of coexistence. The element that determines this relationship is trust-distrust. In trust, strong affective ties are generated, considering each other family. Distrust generates a preventative attitude.(AU)

Homeless children: Experiences and meanings of the environments they construct / Los niños en situación de calle: experiencias y significados de los ambientes que construyen / As crianças em situação de rua: experiências e significados dos ambientes que constroem

Objective.This work sought to learn of the experiences of homeless children and understand the meanings they give to environments they construct within these spaces. The study took place in Medellín, Colombia in 2015. Methods. Ours was a qualitative research with ethnographic approach. Non-structured interviews and observations were conducted; a field diary was kept. Results. The street, although a space of public use, is converted by children into their private space; they carry in it almost all their activities and construct two big environments: that of the street that attracts and educates and that of the work that is transitory because it is performed to survive. These children dream with an ideal environment that allows them to live quietly. Conclusion. Children convert the street into a private place where they carry out their daily practices: socializing, working, sleeping, having fun, and relaxing, that is, a place of social construction.

Objetivo.Conocer las experiencias de los niños en situación de calle, y comprender los significados que dan a los ambientes que construyen en estos espacios. Medellín, Colombia 2015. Métodos. Investigación cualitativa con enfoque etnográfico. Se realizaron entrevistas no estructuradas, observaciones; se llevó un diario de campo. Resultados. La calle, aunque espacio de uso público, los niños la convierten en su espacio privado; desarrollan en ella casi la totalidad de sus actividades y construyen dos grandes ambientes: el de calle que engancha y educa y el de trabajo que es transitorio porque se hace para sobrevivir. Sueñan con un ambiente ideal que les permita vivir de manera tranquila. Conclusión. Los niños convierten la calle en un lugar privado donde realizan sus prácticas cotidianas: socializarse, trabajar, dormir, divertirse y relajarse, es decir, un lugar de construcción social.

Objetivo.Conhecer as experiências das crianças em situação de rua, e compreender os significados que dão aos ambientes que constroem nestes espaços. Medellín, Colômbia 2015. Métodos. Investigação qualitativa com enfoque etnográfico. Se realizaram entrevistas não estruturadas, observações; se fez um diário de campo. Resultados. A rua, embora espaço de uso público, as crianças a convertem em seu espaço privado; desenvolvem nela quase a totalidade de suas atividades e constroem dois grandes ambientes: o de rua que engancha e educa e o de trabalho que é transitório porque se faz para sobreviver. Sonham com um ambiente ideal que lhes permita viver de maneira tranquila. Conclusão. As crianças convertem a rua num lugar privado onde realizam suas práticas cotidianas: socializar-se, trabalhar, dormir, divertir-se e relaxar-se, ou seja, um lugar de construção social.

"Encierro sobre el encierro" aislamiento por tuberculosis. Centro penitenciario Medellín Colombia / "Confinement on the confinement" isolation for tuberculosis. Penitentiary center Medellín Colombia

Introducción: Las personas privadas de la libertad diagnosticadas con tuberculosis son aisladas para evitar el contagio a otros internos y a los guardianes, a esta situación los participantes le dan significados que pueden ayudar en el diseño de programas para el control de la tuberculosis en centros penitenciarios. Objetivo: Comprender el significado que las personas privadas de la libertad, le dan al aislamiento a que se deben someter durante el tratamiento de la tuberculosis. Metodología: Se utilizó la investigación cualitativa con enfoque etnográfico, se realizaron 14 entrevistas y 400 horas de observación. Se llevó diario de campo. Hallazgos: Las personas privadas de la libertad diagnosticadas con tuberculosis son llevadas a un lugar de aislamiento que favorece la curación y al mismo tiempo genera discriminación. El aislamiento es considerado un "encierro sobre el encierro". Este trae consecuencias físicas, socio-culturales y psicológicas. Para disminuir el impacto buscan distracción y cuando ven síntomas de recuperación lo toman con paciencia. Conclusión: El aislamiento se ve desde dos perspectivas: la comodidad y tener que soportar el encierro y la discriminación. Genera conflictos y alteraciones en la salud física y mental.

Introduction: Deprived of freedom persons, diagnosed with tuberculosis are isolated to prevent transmission to other inmates or guards, this situation gives meanings that can help in designing programs to control tuberculosis in prisons. Objective: To understand the meaning that deprived freedom people give to isolation, which they must be submitted in the treatment of tuberculosis. Methodology: qualitative research with ethnographic approach was used, 14 interviews and 400 hours of observation were performed. Field diary was carried. Findings: Jailed persons diagnosed with tuberculosis are taken to a place of isolation that promotes healing and at the same time generates discrimination. The isolation is considered a "lock on the closure." This brings physical, socio-cultural and psychological consequences. To reduce the impact of persons deprived of liberty they seek distraction and when they see signs of recovery take it easy. Conclusions: isolation is seen from two perspectives: the comfort and having to endure the confinement and discrimination. Generates conflicts and alteration in the physical and mental health.

Homeless children: Experiences and meanings of the environments they construct.

OBJECTIVE: This work sought to learn of the experiences of homeless children and understand the meanings they give to environments they construct within these spaces. The study took place in Medellín, Colombia in 2015. METHODS: Ours was a qualitative research with ethnographic approach. Non-structured interviews and observations were conducted; a field diary was kept. RESULTS: The street, although a space of public use, is converted by children into their private space; they carry in it almost all their activities and construct two big environments: that of the street that attracts and educates and that of the work that is transitory because it is performed to survive. These children dream with an ideal environment that allows them to live quietly. CONCLUSION: Children convert the street into a private place where they carry out their daily practices: socializing, working, sleeping, having fun, and relaxing, that is, a place of social construction.

[Sharing and distrusting: street merchants' view of children in street situations]. / Compartir y desconfiar: mirada de los venteros acerca de los niños en situación de calle.

Objective To understand the meanings, through the description of experiences that street merchants have of their interactions with children in a street situation in downtown of Medellin in 2013. Methodology Qualitative investigation with ethnographic approach. Observations were made in the zone at different times of the day. Twelve interviews with street merchants were held in their work places. Records were kept in a field journal. Results The street merchants and children in street situations share the same space. Both groups try to survive and their relationship is mediated by the trust-distrust that is established between them. The coexistence generates ambivalent feelings. For the street merchants, children in street situations are the result of abandonment by the family, the state and society. They live in a hard world in which they are exposed to a series of risks that they must face. Conclusion The interaction between street merchants and children in street situations is good to the extent that conflicts are avoided, establishing norms of coexistence. The element that determines this relationship is trust-distrust. In trust, strong affective ties are generated, considering each other family. Distrust generates a preventative attitude.

The meaning of teaching and learning for professors.

OBJECTIVE: This work sought to comprehend the meaning professors from the Faculty of Nursing at Universidad de Antioquia (Colombia) assign to teaching and learning processes. METHODOLOGY: This was an educational qualitative, evaluative investigation, with ethnographic focus, conducted from 2011 to 2013. The information collection techniques were: semi-structured interview, discussion groups, y el documentary analysis. A total of 70 professors from the undergraduate Nursing program at Universidad de Antioquia participated in the study. RESULTS: Teaching for professors means complexity, transmission of information and knowledge, cooperation with students, interaction, and transformation of reality. This does not merely depend on the vocation or on the will to carry it out; on the contrary, professors must have professional, disciplinary, and pedagogical formation. Learning for the professors means that students understood, comprehended, and were able to put the theory into practice. Also, students must commit to their own learning. CONCLUSION: The conceptions professors have of teaching and learning processes guide the meaning they assign to said processes and stem from their own experience, culture, professional and disciplinary formation. Assigning new meaning to teaching in nursing opens the possibility of reorienting the teaching practice.

The meaning of teaching and learning for professors / El significado de enseñar y aprender para los docentes / O significado de ensinar e aprender para os docentes

Objective. This work sought to comprehend the meaning professors from the Faculty of Nursing at Universidad de Antioquia (Colombia) assign to teaching and learning processes. Methodology. This was an educational qualitative, evaluative investigation, with ethnographic focus, conducted from 2011 to 2013. The information collection techniques were: semi-structured interview, discussion groups, y el documentary analysis. A total of 70 professors from the undergraduate Nursing program at Universidad de Antioquia participated in the study. Results. Teaching for professors means complexity, transmission of information and knowledge, cooperation with students, interaction, and transformation of reality. This does not merely depend on the vocation or on the will to carry it out; on the contrary, professors must have professional, disciplinary, and pedagogical formation. Learning for the professors means that students understood, comprehended, and were able to put the theory into practice. Also, students must commit to their own learning. Conclusion. The conceptions professors have of teaching and learning processes guide the meaning they assign to said processes and stem from their own experience, culture, professional and disciplinary formation. Assigning new meaning to teaching in nursing opens the possibility of reorienting the teaching practice.

Objetivo. Comprender el significado que los docentes de la Facultad de Enfermería de la Universidad de Antioquia (Colombia) le asignan a los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Metodología. Investigación cualitativa educativa, evaluativa con enfoque etnográfico, realizada durante los años 2011 a 2013. Las técnicas de recolección de la información fueron la entrevista semiestructurada, los grupos de discusión, y el análisis documental. Participaron 70 docentes del programa de pregrado de Enfermería de la Universidad de Antioquia. Resultados. La enseñanza para los docentes significa complejidad, transmisión de información y conocimientos, cooperación con los estudiantes, interacción y transformación de la realidad. Esto no depende solo de la vocación o del deseo de hacerlo, por el contrario, el docente debe tener formación profesional, disciplinar y pedagógica. El aprendizaje para los docentes significa que el estudiante entendió, comprendió y pudo poner en práctica la teoría. Por otra parte, el estudiante debe comprometerse con su propio aprendizaje. Conclusión. Las concepciones que los docentes tienen sobre los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje son las que orientan el significado que asignan a los mismos y devienen de su propia experiencia, cultura, formación profesional y disciplinar. El resignificar la enseñanza de la enfermería, abre la posibilidad de reorientar la práctica docente.

Objetivo. Compreender o significado que os docentes da Faculdade de Enfermaria da Universidade de Antioquia (Colômbia) atribuem-lhe aos processos de ensino e aprendizagem. Metodologia. Investigação qualitativa educativa, avaliativa com enfoque etnográfico, realizada durante os anos 2011 a 2013. As técnicas de recolha da informação foram a entrevista semiestruturada, os grupos de discussão, e a análise documentário. Participaram 70 docentes do programa de graduação de Enfermagem da Universidade de Antioquia. Resultados. O ensino para os docentes significa complexidade, transmissão de informação e conhecimentos, cooperação com os estudantes, interação e transformação da realidade. Isto não depende só da vocação ou do desejo de fazê-lo, pelo contrário, o docente deve ter formação profissional, disciplinar e pedagógica. A aprendizagem para os docentes significa que o estudante entendeu, compreendeu e pôde pôr em prática a teoria. Por outra parte, o estudante deve comprometer-se com sua própria aprendizagem. Conclusão. As concepções que os docentes têm sobre os processos de ensino e aprendizagem são as que orientam o significado que atribuem aos mesmos e devêm de sua própria experiência, cultura, formação profissional e disciplinar. O resignificar o ensino da enfermagem, abre a possibilidade de reorientar a prática docente.

Violence and aggression: a view from the street children. Medellin, Colombia / Violence and aggression: A view from the street children. Medellín, Colombia

Objetivo: En este estudio se busca comprender lo que significa para los niños en situación de calle los actos violentos. Metodología: estudio etnográfico, en el cual se realizaron 38 entrevistas y se llevaron diarios de campo; se tuvo en cuenta el respeto por los participantes y se les aseguró la confidencialidad de la información. El análisis se hizo con los participantes para garantizar el rigor. Resultados: el significado de los actos violentos está condicionado por la justificación o no de dichos actos. Significan violencia cuando no tienen justificación y la ejercen los que tienen poder o quienes, por condiciones personales o formas de ser, son violentos. Significan agresión cuando hay justificación para realizarlos. Conclusiones: las respuestas a los actos violentos están determinadas por el significado que los niños les otorguen: si lo ejercen quienes tienen poder, se someten; si es ejercido por los otros, genera venganzas y agresiones

Objective: to understand the meaning of violent acts for the participant’s point of view. Methodology: The study consisted of qualitative and ethnographic research. Ethics were an integral part of the process; thirty-eight interviews were performed, afield log was maintained and the analysis was done with the participants in order to guarantee the precision. Results: For homeless children the significance of violent acts is conditioned by the justification of these acts. These acts mean violence when there is not a justification to do it and often the violent acts are executed by people who are in positions of power or those who for personal or mental reasons have a tendency towards violence. Instead the violent acts mean aggression when there is a justification to carry them out. Final Considerations: The responses to the violent acts are determined by the significance the children give to those acts. If the violent acts are executed by people in a clear position of power, the children accept it, however if the violent acts are carried out by others, this generates in them acts of vengeance and aggression

La comunicación, piedra angular en el cuidado de enfermería / Communication, a cornerstone in the nursing care / A comunicação, pedra angular no atendimento em enfermagem

Este trabajo se realizó en el momento del alta de los pacientes de una IPS de Medellín, Colombia. Objetivo: comprender el significado que tienen para un grupo de pacientes y sus familiares las estrategias comunicativas que emplean los estudiantes de enfermería cuando dan indicaciones para el cuidado en casa. Metodología: estudio cualitativo etnográfico; se emplearon 100 horas de observación, en el momento del alta y 15 entrevistas a pacientes y familiares. Se garantizó la confidencialidad en la divulgación de los datos. Resultados: los estudiantes imparten indicaciones, por medio de mensajes, demostraciones y material escrito, asumiendo que el paciente desconoce su situación de salud. Dichos mensajes pueden ser olvidados, recordados o modificados de acuerdo con el significado que le dan los pacientes de comprensivos o útiles. Conclusiones: los estudiantes de enfermería deben aprender habilidades comunicativas que les permitan establecer una relación de ayuda efectiva con el paciente y su familia.

This work was performed at patient discharge time in an IPS in Medellin, Colombia. Objective: To understand the meaning for a group of patients and their families of the communicative strategies used by students when they give directions for nursing home care. Methodology: qualitative ethnographic study. It involved 100 hours of observation, at the time of discharge and 15 interviews with patients and families. The participants were guaranteed confidentiality in disclosure of data. Results: Students taught indications, through messages, demonstrations and written material, assuming that the patient is unaware of their health status. These messages can be forgotten, remembered or modified according to the meaning the patients give to them, either comprehensive or useful. Conclusions: Nursing students must learn communication skills that enable them to establish an effective helping relationship with the patient and his family.

Este trabalho foi realizado no momento de alta dos pacientes de una IPS de Medellín, Colômbia. Objetivo: compreender o significado que tem para uma turma de pacientes e os seus familiares as estratégias comunicativas empregadas pelos discentes de enfermagem quando eles dão indicações para o cuidado em casa. Metodologia: estudo qualitativo etnográfico; foram empregadas cem horas de observação, no momento da alta e quinze entrevistas a pacientes e familiares. A confidencialidade na divulgação dos dados foi garantida. Resultados: os discentes emitem indicações por meio de mensagens, demonstrações e material escrito, assumindo que o paciente desconhece sua situação de saúde. Tais mensagens podem ser esquecidos, lembrados ou modificados de acordo com o significado que acharam os pacientes no que diz respeito a sua compreensão ou utilidade. Conclusões: os discentes de enfermagem devem aprender habilidades comunicativas que lhes permitam estabelecer uma relação de ajuda efetiva com o paciente e sua família.